As a 90 hour private pilot, I had rented a Cessna 172 for a local solo night flight. The moon was half shining and the skies were clear as I called CTAF and entered a downwind for runway 31. On final I was high and applied full flaps. The landing was normal, so I put the flap lever up and applied full power (and carb heat off) for the touch and go. The plane lifted off after a long ground run and was not climbing. I pulled the nose up and saw the airspeed drop dramatically, while applying a lot of right rudder. I found that I could just maintain altitude if I used no rudder and kept an uncontrolled left turn (at 100 feet AGL). After 180 degrees of turn, I discovered my flaps were still full down! I retracted them to 20, and continued a normal climb. I was unfamiliar with the spring loaded flap lever, since I used the settable flap handle on the 152 for training and had only 1 hour in this 172. Thankfully I had only half fuel and no passengers or the 172 wouldn't climb at all. I now do all night landings to a full stop and never use more than 20 degrees of flaps at night.